NCERT Solutions for Class 10 History Chapter 1 The Rise of Nationalism in Europe
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 History Chapter 1 covers French Revolution & Idea of Nation, Making of Nationalism in Europe, Age of Revolutions (1830-1848), Unification of Germany, Italy & Britain, and Nationalism & Imperialism.
Overview of Topics & Subtopics (Click to Jump)
1. The French Revolution and the Idea of the Nation
Short Note:
• Frederic Sorrieu: In 1848, the French artist created four prints visualizing a world made up of 'democratic and social Republics'.
• French Revolution (1789): Transferred sovereignty from absolute monarch to French citizens. Introduced concepts like la patrie (the fatherland) and le citoyen (the citizen), new tricolor flag, centralized administrative system, and uniform weights & measures.
• Napoleonic Code (Civil Code of 1804): Abolished all privileges based on birth, established equality before law, secured right to property, and abolished feudal system.
2. The Making of Nationalism in Europe & Liberalism
Short Note:
• Liberalism: Stood for freedom for the individual and equality before law. Economically, it meant freedom of markets and abolition of state-imposed restrictions on trade.
• Zollverein (1834): A customs union formed at the initiative of Prussia. It abolished tariff barriers and reduced currencies from over 30 to 2.
• Treaty of Vienna (1815): Hosted by Austrian Chancellor Duke Metternich to undo changes brought by Napoleonic wars and restore conservative regimes (Bourbon dynasty restored in France).
• Giuseppe Mazzini: Italian revolutionary who founded secret societies 'Young Italy' in Marseilles and 'Young Europe' in Berne.
3. Unification of Germany, Italy, and Great Britain
Short Note:
• Unification of Germany: Spearheaded by Prussia under Chief Minister Otto von Bismarck ('Blood and Iron' policy). Three wars over seven years with Austria, Denmark, and France ended in Prussian victory. Kaiser William I was proclaimed German Emperor in January 1871.
• Unification of Italy: Spearheaded by Sardinia-Piedmont under Prime Minister Count Cavour (diplomacy) and Giuseppe Garibaldi (armed volunteers - Red Shirts). Victor Emmanuel II proclaimed King of United Italy in 1861.
• Britain (Strange Case): Formed not through revolution, but through a long-drawn political process. Act of Union (1707) between England and Scotland formed United Kingdom of Great Britain.
Intext & Conceptual Questions
2. To restore the Bourbon monarchy that had been deposed during the French Revolution.
3. To set up a new conservative order in Europe and prevent future French expansion by creating a series of buffer states on its borders.
2. Role of Bismarck: Chief Minister Otto von Bismarck was the architect of this process, using the Prussian army and bureaucracy.
3. Three Wars: Prussia fought three wars over seven years against Austria, Denmark, and France, winning all and completing unification in 1871.
Textbook Chapter End Exercise Questions
• Political Ideas: Demand for creation of nation-states based on constitutionalism, parliamentary principles, freedom of the press, and freedom of association.
• Social Ideas: Abolition of class-based privileges, end of serfdom and bonded labor.
• Economic Ideas: Freedom of markets, abolition of state-imposed tariffs on the movement of goods and capital.
1. No Sudden Revolution: In Britain, the formation of the nation-state was not the result of a sudden revolution, but of a long-drawn-out parliamentary process.
2. English Dominance: The English nation steadily grew in wealth, importance, and power, extending its influence over other nations of the islands (Scotland and Ireland).
3. Legislative Integration: The Act of Union (1707) incorporated Scotland into the United Kingdom, and Ireland was forcibly incorporated in 1801 following failed revolts.
1. Ethnic Diversity & Decline of Ottomans: The Balkans was a region of geographical and ethnic variation. The disintegration of the Ottoman Empire made the region highly explosive.
2. Romantic Nationalism: One by one, European subject nationalities broke away from Ottoman control and declared independence.
3. Big Power Rivalry: Major European powers (Russia, Germany, England, Austria-Hungary) fought for territorial and trade influence in the Balkans, turning it into a battleground that led directly to World War I.
Read More & Chapter Resources
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